which software was the first available for microcomputers quizlet
Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. Which instructional software function would probably be the most appropriate choice for allowing students to discover rules for genetics? It had two operating modes, one that mirrored the segmented memory of older x86 chips, allowing full backward compatibility, and one that took full advantage of its more advanced technology. The PC era ended Wangs success, and it filed for bankruptcy in 1992. Under the auspices of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, biomedical research faculty from around the United States came to a workshop at MIT to build their own LINCs, and then bring them back to their home institutions where they would be used. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. Reaching 32 gigaflops (32 billion floating point operations per second), Intels Touchstone Delta has 512 processors operating independently, arranged in a two-dimensional communications mesh. Caltech researchers used this supercomputer prototype for projects such as real-time processing of satellite images, and for simulating molecular models in AIDS research. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. Sales were weaker than projected, despite being widely praised by the press for its active matrix display, removable trackball, and high performance. The 1101, designed by ERA but built by Remington-Rand, was intended for high-speed computing and stored 1 million bits on its magnetic drum, one of the earliest magnetic storage devices and a technology which ERA had done much to perfect in its own laboratories. Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. Computer-enhanced image of IBMs Roadrunner. The 400 served primarily as a game console, while the 800 was more of a home computer. The new chip made graphical operating environments for IBM PC and PC-compatible computers practical. In a widely circulated paper, mathematician John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data -- which eliminates the need for more clumsy methods of programming such as plugboards, punched cards and paper. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. Apples inspiration for the Lisa and Macintosh computers came from the Xerox Alto. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. The typical PDP-1 computer system, which sells for about $120,000, includes a cathode ray tube graphic display, paper tape input/output, needs no air conditioning and requires only one operator; all of which become standards for minicomputers. This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. A special version, known as HARVEST, was developed for the US National Security Agency (NSA). The World Wide Web was invented in the 90s The first digital computing services were invented in the The first commercial computers were available in First PCs in the First Cell phones in the 1940s 1950 80s 90s The first computer was designed to fire missles A "Bug" is used to describe The most ambitious massively parallel computer at the time, the ILLIAC IV was plagued with design and production problems. The machine used up to 65,536 one-bit processors and could complete several billion operations per second. Manipulate the data according to specific rules (process) 3. Each processor had its own small memory linked with others through a flexible network that users altered by reprogramming rather than rewiring. This printing programmable calculator was made from discrete transistors and an acoustic delay-line memory. Shortly after delivery of the Atari VCS game console, Atari designs two microcomputers with game capabilities: the Model 400 and Model 800. The C64, as it is better known, sells for $595, comes with 64 KB of RAM and features impressive graphics. Introduced at the Altair Convention in Albuquerque in March 1976, the visual display module enabled the use of personal computers for interactive games. An offshoot of the POWER XCell8i chip was used as the main processor in the Sony PlayStation 3 game console. It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. The IBM PC was widely copied (cloned) and led to the creation of a vast ecosystem of software, peripherals, and other commodities for use with the platform. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. the _____ screen is the first screen displayed. data. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. It is recognized by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the greatest selling single computer of all time. Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone. This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers. _____ account allows changes that affect other users, changes to security settings, installation of software and hardware, and access to all files on the computer. The 2116A is HPs first computer. The 701 introduction also marked the beginning of IBMs entry into the large-scale computer market, a market it came to dominate in later decades. The PROMs contained a disk operating system, allowing. What is a distinguishing feature of instructional software? The Micral computer series debuted their first computer in early 1973. At its introduction, it was listed as the second fastest supercomputer in the world and this single system increased NASA's supercomputing capacity 10-fold. Minuteman missiles use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position in flight. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. High packaging density of integrated circuits and a novel Freon cooling system also contributed to its speed. More than 50 PDP-1s were sold. The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. Which of the following is not a quality to look for in well-developed tutorial software? The boss wants it to have a complex user interface with a time display, touch panel buttons and accurate timing for the toast cycle. Which of the following is an online course characteristic that supports success? With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. Chuck Peddle leads a small team of former Motorola employees to build a low-cost microprocessor. spreadsheet program By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. Three types of the M3 were available two types that measured either temperature or pressure and one that could take images. If a student is creating within Minecraft or Sims, what type of computer programming products are they designing and making? Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. The Difference Engine #2 at the Science Museum, London. It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz. SSEC goes on display IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) Scientific and defense applications included studies of human electrophysiology, nuclear weapon simulation, human genome mapping, and global climate change. Store the results for future use Hardware the electronical and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. The machine had a fifty-foot long camshaft running the length of machine that synchronized the machines thousands of component parts and used 3,500 relays. T/F False Storage on a mobile device is usually an SSD (Solid-state drive). Motes are also known as smart dust, since the intention is that their tiny size and low cost make them inexpensive enough to sprinkle in the real world to as sensors. The Lisa ran on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and came equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB Profile hard drive. 1945: Memex IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. The Manchester Mark I used more than 1,300 vacuum tubes and occupied an area the size of a medium room. true. Many companies have attempted to release electronic reading systems dating back to the early 1990s. mainframe computer. What are students programming when they develop a computer-generated environment in which a real-life scene is overlaid with computer-generated information? Which is an acknowledged benefit of software with drill and practice functions? Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. This high performance processor found its place in powerful work stations intended for graphics-intensive programs common in engineering. It was believed that ENIAC had done more calculation over the ten years it was in operation than all of humanity had until that time. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. Typical applications included US national defense work, including the design and simulation of nuclear weapons, and weather forecasting. What set the 486 apart was its optimized instruction set, with an on-chip unified instruction and data cache and an optional on-chip floating-point unit. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major player in the personal computer market into the 1990s. It was sold exclusively in Japan, but could process alphabetic and Japanese kana characters. The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. ____ operating systems are typically used for a network platform. The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. Dell dropped out of school to focus on his business and in 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. Definition. The US Navy Tactical Data System uses computers to integrate and display shipboard radar, sonar and communications data. Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. answer choices 20 pin P1 connector 8 pin auxiliary connector 24+4 pin P1 connector The definition of a computer remained the same until the end of the 19th century, when the industrial revolution gave rise to mechanical machines whose primary purpose was . Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. The IAS computer was designed for scientific calculations and it performed essential work for the US atomic weapons program. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. Intel released the 80486 microprocessor and the i860 RISC/coprocessor chip, each of which contained more than 1 million transistors. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. Its task was to detect incoming Soviet bombers and direct interceptor aircraft to destroy them. Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? Its price was $2,500. System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. For research, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) supplied the components, and 50 original LINCs were made. What is the first step when designing and creating a web page or website? Total Cards. The 470V/6 was the companys first product and ran the same software as IBM System/370 computers but cost less and was smaller and faster. In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. It presents an approach to the technology and the implementation prOblem, documented with information about specific transit applica-tions. Hewlett and Packard in their garage workshop. The VAIO line of computers would be best known for laptops were designed with communications and audio-video capabilities at the forefront, including innovative designs that incorporated TV and radio tuners, web cameras, and handwriting recognition. A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. Based on the Touchstone Delta computer Intel had built at Caltech, the Paragon is a parallel supercomputer that uses 2,048 (later increased to more than four thousand) Intel i860 processors. The word "computer" was first used in 1613 in the book The Yong Mans Gleanings by Richard Braithwaite and originally described a human who performed calculations or computations. The Standards Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC) is among the first stored program computers completed in the United States. The first of David Hilbert's 23 unsolved problems presented at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900 involved the Continuum Hypothesis. Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. Apple introduces their first ultra notebook a light, thin laptop with high-capacity battery. This object-oriented multitasking operating system was groundbreaking in its ability to foster rapid development of software applications. Download now! It had 32 KB of memory and sold for $8,000. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. Combined with an enhanced bus interface unit, the microprocessor doubled the performance of the 386 without increasing the clock rate. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. Rather than testing components like the SEAC, the SWAC was built using already-developed technology. A total of ten Colossi were delivered, each using as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes. Which of the following is an accepted design criterion for writing and publishing digital documents? That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design, management, and manufacture of the later IBM System/360--the most successful computer family in IBM history. The Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) needed a supercomputer to help with the maintenance of the US nuclear arsenal following the ban on underground nuclear testing. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. For its January issue, hobbyist magazine Popular Electronics runs a cover story of a new computer kit the Altair 8800. The 1973 Wang 2200 makes it a successful computer company, too. The success of the VAX family of computers transformed DEC into the second-largest computer company in the world, as VAX systems became the de facto standard computing system for industry, the sciences, engineering, and research. Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. The University of Michigan Micro Mote (M3) is the smallest computer in the world at the time of its completion. At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. The Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) project, led by IBM engineer Wallace Eckert, uses both relays and vacuum tubes to process scientific data at the rate of 50 14 x 14 digit multiplications per second. True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). It used 53 vacuum tubes and hundreds of germanium diodes, with a magnetic drum for memory. The Moore School Building at the University of Pennsylvania. A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. Originally a Cray XT3 system, the Jaguar is a massively parallel supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a US science and energy research facility. Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. Scelbi aimed the 8H, available both in kit form and fully assembled, at scientific, electronic, and biological applications. microprocessor/ processor. Commodore releases the VIC-20 home computer as the successor to the Commodore PET personal computer. The upgraded and faster Tianhe-1A used Intel Xeon CPUs as well, but switched to nVidia's Tesla GPUs and added more than 2,000 Fei-Tang (SPARC-based) processors. Graduation rates are lower in online schools. Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. The LEO was Englands first commercial computer and was performing useful work before any other commercial computer system in the world.
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