which of the following statements accurately describes viruses?
a. osmosis c. Most deficiency syndromes are caused by dominant gene defects. - possibly spread by humans from one cave to another on their shoes and clothing. Which of the following would be likely to move through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion? Select one: a. d. X-linked SCID The heaviest burden of illness is borne by ______. The membranes of the mitochondria provide a place for enzymes needed for cellular respiration to anchor and function. NADPH oxidase; produce superoxide radical (O-). c. viruses are biotic and bacteria are abiotic . c. Haemophilus influenzae d. Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, and all living cells arise from preexisting cells. .ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS1. d. pinocytosis. Which of the following statements is true of chloroplasts? become capable of human-to-human transmission Which of the following statements accurately describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda () phage? b. proper hand washing. c. infected cells do not express any viral proteins during latency c) Cutting and assembling the capsid would be halted. In 1973, the FDA required that cancer-causing compounds must not be present in meat at concentrations that would cause a cancer risk greater than 1 in a million lifetimes. 13-76 Which of the following is required for fusion of the human immunodeficiency viral envelope with the host cell membrane and subsequent internalization? a) enter a replicative cycle that does not kill the host cell. a. These changes, called cytopathic effects, can change cell functions or even destroy the cell. b. The color change indicates that the iodine molecules were small enough to diffuse across the membrane and react with the starch inside the cell. Water-soluble types - These substances move widely in the environment and also have ready access to body cells as their solvent is ubiquitous host cell indefinitely. Choose the statement that correctly describes HIV and HBV. c. active transport a. bacteria, some fungi (yeast), and many protozoans. c. Cold sores develop as a consequence of CD8 T-cell killing. A. The bacterial phage lambda can infect some bacteria and It is secreted and functions as a monomer but facilitates the dimerization of its receptor. b) They can be spread via the plasmodesmata. Rank the order of the following causes of death, putting the lowest risk of death for a person in the United States on bottom and the highest risk of death at the top. Its function most resembles a. a virus. Eventually, the immune system cannot handle the viral invasion. c. All living cells have membrane-enclosed organelles. Dog bites and bee, wasp, or hornet stings - These have risks between 1 in 46,562 to 1 in 115,111. The color change indicates that the iodine molecules were small enough to diffuse across the membrane and react with the starch inside the cell. With the first bite, you notice their texture is not as crisp and crunchy as you like. d. T-cell receptor V chain. Response curve representing a constant rate of response with increasing doors - Line b a. the cell wall - For most people, a 1 in 100,000 chance of dying from some risk factor is often a threshold for changing what they do. Microbes acquire resistance to antibiotics through different processes that include random mutations and ______________ reproduction. a. contain genetic material b. can be killed using antibiotics c. have a cell membrane d. have a protein coat a 5. You buy a bunch of small, round, red radishes at the grocery store; they are on sale because they have been sitting in the produce aisle for a while. 13-44 Listeria monocytogenes replicates in _____ of macrophages after _____. The standard GNSS-IR model typically considers soil to be a single layer of medium and measures the average SMC between 1 and 10 cm below the soil surface. d) flare-ups occur when dormant viral proteins attack new cells C.) A virus is nonliving because it lacks an organelle that allows movement. Some viruses have an external membrane envelope. If each sugar molecule represents a percentage point of sugar dissolved in the solution, what change would you expect to see in the solution level over time and why? b. Proviruses consist of double-stranded DNA. Each factor listed below plays a role in determining environmental toxicity. B. Which of the following statements accurately describes the properties of gases? a. Epstein-Barr virus e. A cDNA intermediate is required in order to produce a provirus. 13-53 Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a condition resulting in chronic bacterial and fungal infections, is caused by one or more defects in _____, compromising the ability of macrophages to _____. a. gene conversion If the bacteria cannot be moved across the WBC membrane, how will the WBC most likely take it in? - HIV is more lethal. Dicamba - Used as an herbicide; a plant hormone d. C5-C9; defend against Neisseria - Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are on the decline globally. a. the virus inhibits MHC class I expression They a View the full answer Transcribed image text: Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between bacteria and viruses? Which of the following statements correctly describes one difference between green algae and land plants? b. the virus escapes from the phagosome into the cytosol c. a specialized membrane-bound vesicle; infection of the cell a. b. channel proteins Find the general solution of the given system. The water will mostly move from side "A" to side "B" because the water concentration is higher on side "A.". 6. d. local populations; global populations. 1 litre or 1 centilitre. ", lethal dose of a chemical for half of the population. A change in the pressure of a gas results in a more significant change in volume than it would in a liquid. d. I would expect to find the photosynthetic enzymes associated with the ER of the bacteria. 13-80 Reverse transcriptase is a _____ encoded by _____. answer choices Viruses are much smaller than bacteria cells. c. Proviruses are flanked by repetitive sequences called long terminal repeats (LTRs). Which aspect of antibiotic resistance development in microbes is depicted in this image? Why would hydrophilic substances such as sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids be unable to simply diffuse across a plasma membrane? The odds of being involved in a car accident are about 1 in 100 while the odds of being involved in an airplane accident are about 1 in 5,000. Excreting water-soluble salts and other substances - Kidneys. True or false: Mortality refers to being ill, whereas morbidity refers to dying from a disease. a - Some of the population responds, even at zero dose of the toxin, suggesting that some other factor in the environment also causes this response Prokaryotic cells must also carry out respiration but do not have mitochondria. Both bacteria and viruses use host cells to reproduce, but viruses . Determine the intensity level of the infrasound 10 km from the source, assuming the sound energy radiates uniformly in all directions. Which of the following factors do policymakers consider most important in setting an effective environmental health policy? Find the temperature of a gas of CO2\mathrm{CO}_2CO2 molecules whose rms\mathrm{rms}rms speed is 309m/s309 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}309m/s ? 13-56 Bare lymphocyte syndrome leading to a lack of HLA class II molecule expression is due to a defect in _____. 7. So, the water moved by osmosis across the plasma membranes into the radish cells increasing the turgor pressure inside of the cells and making them crunchier. The nuclear envelope consists of two concentric phospholipid bilayers while the plasma membrane is only one phospholipid bilayer. Which of the following statements are reasonable conclusions that can be drawn from a recent headline that announced the discovery of 23 pesticides in 16 food samples? Which of the following statements accurately describes a difference between viruses and bacteria? Examine the figure below. b. immune individuals; susceptible individuals d. Epstein-Barr virus The measles virus causes pancreas and liver infections. One important way to control the spread of viruses is through a. the use of vaccines. e) Retroviruses. b. sorts proteins and lipids and sends them to their final destination. What is the determined cause of colony collapse disorder? - the presence of a defense mechanism that prevents the toxin from reaching its target or repairs the damage that the toxin causes e) envelope, It turns out that your evil roommate has a herpesvirus-mediated genital sore. **see figure. Question 12. Which of the following groups of people is most likely to have an increased exposure to toxic chemicals because of their job responsibilities? Which of the following statements explains why, despite these probability calculations, people perceive driving as less risky and are more accepting of the associated risks? b. c. hereditary angioedema d) Double-stranded RNA viruses mutations are introduced into the virus. Which of the following is a reasonable and possible explanation of the experimental results? - improved sanitation e. None of the above is mismatched. This idea is summarized in the statement "the ___________________ makes the poison. e d) whether the genome of the virus is DNA or RNA, a) the proteins on the viral surface and that of the host cell membrane, Antiviral drugs that have become useful are usually associated with which of the following properties? Viruses have a higher metabolism than bacteria cells. c) I b. One of the differences between bacteria and viruses is that : a. viruses are living and bacteria are non -living . 15. Explanation :-:virus are acellular. ** see figure. d. Certain solutes move freely across the membrane by simple diffusion while others must be helped across by active or passive transport proteins; some substances are completely excluded from crossing the membrane. What persistent pollutant formerly was used in paint and gasoline and is linked to numerous health concerns such as cancer, reproductive problems, mental issues, behavior problems, and deformities? c. T cells; CD8 c. varicella-zoster However, a huge health scare in Flint, Michigan, occurred in 2016 when children were exposed to lead through ______. . c. spongy mesophyll a. LFA-3 What does the image depict in the context of environmental toxicology? What is the current trend in the worldwide mental health disease burden? Which of the following statements accurately describes how endocrine disrupters affect us? b. hemagglutinin c) removal of viral proteins (Use one word for your answer.). - must be handled carefully in large doses, but they can be rendered relatively innocuous by dilution, neutralization, or other physical treatment, draws from many disciplines, including biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, among others. Which of the following is something bacteria and viruses have in common? c. prokaryotic cells . They bind to MHC class I molecules and T-cell receptors. People living in ______ areas, especially in ______, are particularly susceptible to death linked to air pollution. No color change in the beaker tells us that the starch was too large to cross the membrane from the cell and into the beaker. Which of the following are environmental disease (health) agents? c. inhibition of MHC class I expression Potential harm to other species or entire ecological systems. b. rough ER d. nucleus, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. e. cytokine and cytokine receptor production. d. active transport. f. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. .Know, understand, incorporate, and demonstrate the Mission, Vision, Values and Guiding Behaviors of Trinity Health and LIFE at St. Joseph of the Pines in behaviors, practices, and decisions. b. virus cells . a. osmosis - when risks are known and we feel in control of the outcome. a) capsid b. S. pneumoniae is never completely eradicated during an infection and can reactivate if the host is immunocompromised. Morbidity refers to _____________, whereas mortality refers to ____________. This is an example of 5. So, the water osmosed across the plasma membranes into the radish cells decreasing the turgor pressure inside of the cells. Check all that apply. Neurotoxins are poisons that affect us by ______. Urban flooding has become one of the most common natural hazards threatening people's lives and assets globally due to climate change and rapid urbanization. 13-12 Shingles is associated with infection by _____. b. X-linked hyper IgM syndrome d. RAG-1 or RAG-2 Car accident Proton therapy accurately targets very specific locations, which may result in less damage to surrounding . A. c. CD28 How would the affect the HIV infection cycle? Which of the following help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane? Developing radiation sickness after exposure to radiation - Acute effect If the concentration of sugar molecules in water on side "A" of a selectively permeable membrane is 5 percent, and the concentration of sugar molecules in water on side "B" of a selectively permeable membrane is 15 percent, which way will the water move and why? The field that specifically deals with the interactions, transformation, fate, and effects of natural and synthetic chemicals in the biosphere, including individual organisms, populations, and whole ecosystems is ______. Which one of the following statements best describes the role of B cells and T cells in the human body? - Our focus on reducing pollution to protect human health has neglected risks to natural ecological systems that may be of greater ultimate importance. D) Illness is a normal process that affects level of functioning. The estrogen-like compound that acts as a substitute hormone and disrupts gene expression, as shown in the image, is a(n) ______. a. transport proteins The solution level on the left side of the figure would rise while the solution level on the right side of the figure would decrease. a. c. The water will mostly move from side "A" to side "B" because the water concentration is higher on side "B." Issues associated with _______________ heath may take up to 15% of the worldwide disease burden by 2020 as conditions such as depression are growing more prevalent in both developed and developing countries. c. eukaryotic and plant - Pesticide residues are not necessarily harmful, for a substance produces a harmful effect only if it reaches within the body in a high enough dose. I. b. C3 a. X-linked agammaglobulinemia: gamma globulin injections - Allergens act as antigens and stimulate the production of specific antibodies. There is evidence that elephants communicate via infrasound, generating rumbling vocalizations as low as 14 Hz that can travel up to 10 km. - Diet-related obesity can lead to illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. d) the proteins on the viral surface and that of the host cell membrane. c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum The viral replication cycle can produce dramatic biochemical and structural changes in the host cell, which may cause cell damage. a. 2. Probability is a calculation of the statistical danger of a risk, and this information can help us decide which risks to tolerate and which to avoid. Contrast the methods used by the Greek philosophers and Dalton to study the b. - Combined effects of exposure to multiple toxins. e. Listeria monocytogenes. e. antigenic drift. d. They contain an entire copy of a cell's genetic material. b. Determine the average shear stress on the wetted perimeter of this channel. They readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer. a. b. antigenic shift Which of the following can be used to accurately describe viruses? b. ribosomes c. They must make sure the results were not an accident and that they are repeatable. Affected individuals are less susceptible to infection. A metabolic poison that specifically attacks nerve cells is a _______________. - suggests a "better safe than sorry" approach of social responsibility to protect the public from harm in the face of scientific uncertainty b. pinocytosis c) use reverse transcriptase to incorporate the virus genome into the host cell DNA. d. reverse transcriptase. ______ are chemical agents that damage or alter DNA, which can result in birth defects during fetal development or tumor growth in later life. d. phagocytosis. f. SCID caused by deficiency of common chain. no longer just for the wealthy, as they are now becoming common in the developing world. d. stores water, nutrients, and enzymes. The two strands of DNA separate, and a single new strand is synthesized using the existing strand as a template. Large molecules are always excluded from crossing the membrane. d. inhibition of peptide transport by transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) d. Listeria monocytogenes anti-HIV antibodies are detectable in their blood serum. Key points: A virus is an infectious particle that reproduces by "commandeering" a host cell and using its machinery to make more viruses. When a dose-response curve for a particular toxin shows a threshold for the response, it generally suggests ______. Cells naturally, without using energy, respond to changes in water concentration through the process of e. inhibition of ICAM-1 expression. - Chronic exposure involves continuous or repeated contact with a toxic substance over a long period of time (months or years). Which of the following virus types inserts a double-stranded DNA copy of its genome into the host cell's genome? 13-29 Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) describes a condition in which neither _____ nor _____ are functional. 13-42 Epstein-Barr virus infects and establishes latency in _____, gaining entry by binding to _____. d. Candida albicans e. It is secreted and functions as a monomer but facilitates the dimerization of its receptor. A solid waste (garbage) transfer facility that sorts and breaks down garbage into recyclables and waste to be thrown away in the landfill would be a suitable analogy for which cellular organelle? 2 ppm - Large fish You and your parents may disagree about the risk associated with your exposure to tobacco or alcohol. We assert that combining expertise . b. DNA-dependent DNA polymerase; influenza virus b) removal of viral mRNAs Write the equation describing the equilibrium established when HNO2HNO_2HNO2 reacts with NH3NH_3NH3. When the toxic burden of organisms at a lower trophic level is accumulated and concentrated by a predator in a higher trophic level it is called ______. d) Vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from trees and tall plants to bushes and other smaller plants, and horizontal transmission is the spread of viruses among plants of similar size. Which of the following statements correctly identify reasons why the debate currently surrounds regulating endocrine disrupters? Substances that cause invasive, out-of-control cell growth resulting in tumors are called ______. A layer of lipoproteins, glycoproteins, and phospholipids that covers the outer surface of some viruses is the d) Cutting and assembling the capsid would be halted. Our professionals strive to design and deliver high quality human and health services that improve the safety, independence, and well-being of the people of . 1. The color change does not really tell us anything about the experiment. d. carbon dioxide (CO2), b. sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids. Phospholipids are large organic molecules with a ________, polar phosphate head connected to ________, nonpolar fatty acid tails. a. water (H2O) nonspecific activation 2-20% of body's CD8 T cells. A virus must use its host-cell processes to replicate. a) They can be spread via the plasmodesmata. c. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) a. C1INH a. the cytosol. a) The gp120 glycoprotein would no longer be able to bind to the CCR5 receptor. - spreading worldwide. Nearly all substances are toxic depending on the amount, delivery rate, and method. 13-2 _____ results when a gene affecting the immune system mutates, thereby compromising the body's defense against infection. b. T cells; CD4 Viruses are very diverse. O Enveloped viruses do not have protein spikes. A mutation in the gene encoding the integrase enzyme (the protein that inserts the dsDNA into a host cell's DNA) renders the protein non-functional. is an emerging discipline that seeks to understand how environmental changes threaten our health and the environment itself. a. neuraminidase d. creates energy by converting ribosomes to proteins. You observe layers of cells that have a definite, rigid, rectangular shape; there appears to be a nucleus in all of the cells and there are many oval-shaped green structures that seem to be moving around inside of the cells in an orderly fashion. The measles virus causes nasal and lung infections. a. a. osmosis. 13-19 Which of these characteristics is not true of IFN-? O The envelope is only found on RNA viruses. Which of the following statement accurately characterize prediabetes? e. They induce suppression of the immune response by causing T cells to undergo apoptosis. Most amphibian species are susceptible to the fungus that causes Chytridiomycosis, which is spreading rapidly likely due to environmental changes. This is an example of Which of the statements below accurately captures the relationship between toxicity and potency? This problem has been solved! Yes; without organelles, prokaryotes are unable to bring together the reactants needed for biological reactions. c. cellular transcription favors the production of HIV-encoded RNA True or false: Our bodies often reduce the effects of toxic substances by eliminating them through our breath, sweat, and urine. The Golgi apparatus The 2014 epidemic of ______ in western Africa infected approximately 20,000 people and killed 8,000.
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