what are the problems of transport system in ethiopia?Blog

what are the problems of transport system in ethiopia?

[14] The Addis Ababa Airport is the largest airport. There is no reliable public transportation system in the DRC. From order fulfillment to driver tracking to product monitoring, automation can be a huge benefit to any transport company. Transportation companies must know what their core systems look like. According to Care international, shockingly, 90% of women in Ethiopia have experienced sexual assault during their commute using the public transportation system. For instance, transport shortage is attempted to be solved . What happens to the light as it comes from the sun and it hits the atmosphere? While Ethiopias diverse physical and cultural resources provide excellent opportunities for the development of tourism, such challenges as poor image abroad, poor marketing and promotion, lack of well- developed tourist related infrastructure and services; lack of knowledge about tourism, low level of human capacity . 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. There was a problem processing your submission. Ethiopian Background Information Founded E December 21, 1945 Starting date of operation E April 08, 1946 Major Hub E Addis Ababa Second Hub E Togo, Lome Third Hub E Lilongwe, Malawi Ownership E Government of Ethiopia (100%) Head Office E Bole International Airport, P.O. The development of transportation systems is embedded within the scale and context in which they take place, from the local to the global and from environmental, historical, technological, and economic perspectives. Logistics Sector Advisor to the Minister, Ministry of Transport, U.S. Agency for International Development, Ethiopian Roads Authority at http://www.era.gov.et/, Ethio Lease Ethiopian Capital Goods Finance Share Compnay at Ethio Lease - Home, International Trade Administration The usage of pack animals (donkeys, mules, horses, camel) and goods carried by. Without a decent transportation management system, workers can accidentally provide internal vulnerabilities that could lead to serious cyber attacks. There are many barriers to residents obtaining proper health care in Ethiopia.It is estimated that 76 percent of Ethiopian women live in rural areas and do not have access to health care due to long traveling distances with lack of transportation. <br><br>It was my pleasure to . No 9: south from Adama 77km to Asella Improving Dhaka's Traffic Situation: Lessons from Mirpur Road, Making Transport Work for Women and Men: Challenges and Opportunities in Middle East and North Africa. These indicators are transit ridership, density, quality of streetscape, quantity of mixed-use structure, pedestrian safety, increase in property value, increase in tax revenue, public perception, number of mode connections at transit stations, and parking. cargo ship 7; container ship 1; petroleum tanker 1; roll-on/roll-off ship 3 (1999 est. Rapid economic growth for over a decade coupled with the creation of the African Continental Free Trade Area and growth of Ethiopian cities has increased demand for freight and public transport. 3 What are the major challenges of the tourism sector in Ethiopia? Ethiopia increasingly relies on inland dry ports for distributing cargo, after cargo arrived from Djibouti. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.scit.20130301.04, George, G.: Adaptive signal control technology: state of practice. But today's public transit systems are filled with some intractable problems. According to the governments 10-year transport perspective plan, the country envisages to invest 3.0 trillion birr (approximately $58 billion) in the sector in the next ten years and identified the private sector as an engine and active participant in this development plan. Ethiopian Railways Corporation is among the major state-owned enterprises that have been announced as slated for partial or full privatization. Proper and transparent transportation policy underpin and consolidate the overall democratic processes and transform the society in constructive and productive directions. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. In FY 2018/19, the GOE invested 37.3 billion birr ($1.1 billion) in road construction. Build six passengers terminals and 10 paved air strips. "African countries are developing rapidly, yet industrial growth is very low meaning that it is becoming a . Minorits Gpgyrt. When did Ethiopian Airlines join the Star Alliance? Transportation management systems can revive a company and modernize how its supply chain administration operates. 15, no. They also need to know this before trying to implement disruptive technology into their business at any level. The disintegrated practices cost more budget and even may not meet their purpose due to mismanagement along the multiple channels. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Challenges Like many African countries, despite walking being the dominant mode of transport, the design of Ethiopian cities is largely car centered. The study identifies the key challenges of Multimodal Transport . In rural Ethiopia where modern transport systems are very few, it is obvious. ICT4DA 2017. - Construct 3,000Km of Road for non-motorized transport services (Walking and Cycling). Once operational over its first 270km, possibly 2018 or 2019, it will allow both freight and passenger transport. Context PROJECT DATA After decades of sustained economic and population growth coupled with rapid SECTOR: Infrastructure, transportation urbanization, cities in Sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing growing problems DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE: with traffic congestion. This article incorporates public domain material from World Factbook. Project description: The project aims to improve mobility and safety along selected corridors in Addis Ababa and effectiveness and efficiency of vehicle and drivers' license system . Sub projects The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS One of the solutions to alleviate urban transport problems is to implement . Growth was led by industry and services on the supply side and private consumption and investment on the demand side. The transport challenges of Addis Ababa are multi-faceted and complex and are compounded by the longevity of their evolution, which makes tracing their origins and root causes more difficult. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Poor governance, rampant corruption, lawlessness, etc. Ethiopias reopening of diplomatic relations with Eritrea has created the expectation of expanded logistics operations via the Eritrean ports of Assab and Massawa. These cars do not only affect the traffic system but also pollute the environment through the release of emission gas to the environment. Under this strategy, the GOE aspires to expand its rail network, targeting enhancement of the countrys export competitiveness by significantly reducing trade logistic costs. The GOE has steadily expanded its road network in recent years. it deals about Traffic and Transportation problems and the way out. Another major factor is the people themselves, who ignore the rules of the road. Includes a market overview and trade data. Their disregard of road safety puts every other driver at risk. Facing a Foreign Trade AD/CVD or Safeguard Investigation? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. (File photo). Articles and commentaries that identify allAfrica.com as the publisher are produced or commissioned by AllAfrica. What are the major challenges of the tourism sector in Ethiopia? Its no secret that trade has globalized on an incredible level. The northern historic route, for instance, requires more than 2500km of road travel - and at an average driving speed of 80km/hr, you spend 32 hours on the road (4 - 5 days travel by bus). As part of the service sector, it. Discover how Trans Plus has helped companies. The transport sector has been playing a crucial role in reducing transaction cost for transporting goods and commodities in different parts of the nations. 914 to 1,523 m: Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Schuchardt Petitions Tennessee Supreme Court to Modify Financing of Board of BIS Update Notification of Quality Control Order for Cotton Bales March 3, various schools of thought legal theory.pptx, InnoRes_Prior Art Search Report_Sample.pdf, General Introduction, Defination, And Essentials of Tort.pptx, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. Even the surroundings involving transport can be incredibly dangerous. A TMS tackles and automates all of the relevant processes within a transport business. TransPlus Systems Corporation 2022 - All Rights Reserved, what tedious tasks can be allocated to a TMS platform. It is the main hub of Ethiopian Airlines, the national airline that serves destinations in Ethiopia and throughout the African continent, as well as nonstop service to Asia, Europe, North America and South America. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct. Increase the radar coverage of the countrys air space from the current 97% to 99%. According to the information from the Ministry of Transport, the government of Ethiopia is diversifying alternative transportation modes like buses, metro-taxis, higher buses, railways and. This is due to many factors. The Cause, Effect and Possible Solution to Traffic Congestion on Nigeria Road A Review of FDRE Civil Society Proclamation No.621/2009, ERP and CRM Integration for Quality Service Delivery, Human Resource Information System Applications, Federalism and devolutiion in ethiopia final, Ethiopian Health Sector Transformation Plan, Transportation and its effect on environment, Making cities more competitive the economic case for public transport, Public Mass Transit (PMT) Services and Commuters Satisfaction, The Gap Between the Public Transport System and the Automobile Industry. Vehicular transportation systems are used extensively to transport people and goods which is detrimental for faster, reliable and cost effective socioeconomic activity. A train ride from Addis Ababa to the twin cities of Kombolcha and Dessie will be possible in around six hours with a designated speed of 120km/hour. Two Chinese companies operate and manage the $3.4 billion railway line through 2024 as local employees are trained to takeover in due course. Transport in Ethiopia is overseen by the Ministry of Transport and Communications. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Sign in for full access to article. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2013), Number of Cars Worldwide Surpasses 1 Billion; Can the World Handle this Many Wheels? Which type of port is more important for our country Ethiopia Why? Contracts have been signed with the Ethiopian Defense Construction, China Railway Engineering, Eney Construction, China Wuyi, Yotek Construction and FAL General Contractor. Rapid urbanization and over-population of Nigerians results in more vehicles on the road and more traffic congestion on a daily basis on most of our transport networks. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". There are opportunities for U.S. companies through government tenders for road, railways and other communication infrastructures construction projects. Agenda, user-centric service delivery, putting citizens and businesses at the Support for Improvement in Governance and Management SIGMA. As Ethiopia is a developing country, the transport service accessibility . Sci. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Addis Ababa, December 5, 2011 (Ezega.com) - A lot has been said about the issues associated with transportion in Addis Ababa but the problems seem to get worse instead of better. According to the study, the efficiency of bus services is mainly dependent on the existence of infrastructure such as roads, and capable transport systems, as well as labor, fuel, and spare part costs. First Eritrean Female Cyclist to Race Professionally in the U.S , Ethiopia: OLF Slams AU Characterization of Military Conflict in Oromia, Somalia & Uganda hold first ever business summit together, Russias Latest Military Aid To Mali Confirms Its Regional Anti-Terrorist Commitment. One of the key areas that remain underdeveloped is the road transportation system. Section 5 compares tax collections in Ethiopia with those in other sub-Saharan African (SSA) and low- and middle-income countries. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE POLICY 4, THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT TRANSPORT POLICY OF ADDIS ABABA ADDIS ABABA, INFLUENCE OF ROADSIDE URBAN LAND USE ON TRAFFIC FLOW BETWEEN The Council chaired by the Minister of Transport reports directly to the Prime Minister, and it comprises various other Ministers including Agriculture, Finance, Trade and Industry, and Mines in addition to other stakeholders . The air transport industry, including airlines and its supply chain, are estimated to support US $1.54 billion of GDP in Ethiopia. ), total: Dev. Priorities have been set based on the need to move commodities such as potash and coffee out of the country and import capital and consumer goods. Therefore, a more in-depth analysis of the current situation and the challenges that are dampening logistics performance is necessary, and strategies for improving the efficiency of intermodal transport must be identified. Toyota, UK (2012). Increase the urban transport infrastructures (depots, terminals, vehicle stops and parking) from 1008 currently to 2106 in 2030. 1 (2003 est. Wyndham Integrated Transport Strategy - Final Adopted Strategy - 2016-06-27 ( IRJET- Re-Structuring of Regional Planning Strategies for the Development Belize Public Service Information Day 2007--Office of Governance. Transportation Problems Worsen as Light Rail System Faces Operational Hiccups - (Addis) Fortune - The Largest English Weekly in Ethiopia! under 914 m: 27 These include threat to safety of life and property; pollutions; congestion triggered reduction of road network utilization; reduced cost effectiveness of vehicles; and increased waiting and travelling times of passengers. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Consumers and clients are pushing for these modern transport techniques as well. Due to this, people are forced to be highly alert of their surroundings, such as checking to make sure no one is lurking around their vehicle before entering and avoiding nighttime travel.[13]. Transportation companies must also take into consideration the different points within the supply chain to prevent data silos. These cars do not only affect the traffic system but also pollute the environment through the release of emission gas to the environment. This section includes a market overview and trade data. 3(1), 3341 (2013). Urban Transportation at the Crossroads Cities are locations having a high level of accumulation and concentration of economic activities. The discussion programs which took place on several occasions among the public, the road sector officials and the pertinent stakeholders could help to formulate solution to tackle the problem. Designated part of the Cairo-Cape Town Trans-African Highway 4 (TAH 4) Following the introduction of Multimodal Transport System in Ethiopia since 2012, there have been symptoms which have stimulated substantial public debate and inefficiencies as studies shows. I am the founder and executive director of Youth Ethiopia Road Safety Association working towards creating safer roads for all road users. Buses provide 40 percent of the public transport in the city; taxis account for 60 percent (Ethiopian Roads Authority 005). KENOL TOWN AND KARIGUINI DOWN-HILL, MURANGA COUNTY, TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: THE JOURNEY SO FAR AND THE WAY FORWARD An Inaugural Lecture By, Sectoral Integration of Urban Service Sectors of Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, East Africa. Side by side with these, proper relationship between the city road authority and international partners has brought the improvement of the transport system. The demand for alternatives to road freight is getting stronger, especially as a result of policy on sustainable Classical Modernist Planning and the Menaces of Automobile Dependence in Cities. pp Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Companies should refer to the Project Financing section of Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing for specific project opportunities. From fuel prices to maintenance to driver pay, finding ways to reduce your cost-per-mile with the use of technology can help your trucking business navigate these uncertain economic times. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, AN EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF TURKISH CONTAINER PORTS USING THE ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS, Allocating aircraft carbon dioxide emissions to airports on the basis of passenger share: scenarios for Manchester Airport Paul Upham, Sarah Butlin, Maxwell , Bicycle and Pedestrian Policies and Programs in Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, AN APPROACH OF INTEGRATED LOGISTICS HMMS MODEL UNDER ENVIRONMENT CONSTRAINTS AND AN APPLICATION OF TIME SCALE. What are the problems of transport system in Ethiopia? Technol. Be smart if you get behind the wheel in Ethiopia. : Traffic signal systems: a review of current technology in the United States. Challenges of Multimodal Transport system Lack of physical facilities(IT infrastructure especially in the private sector) . This is a big reason why transportation management systems are such beneficial tools to implement into a transport business. The establishment of new parking areas and buildings in the near future is also expected to address the problem in this regard. He began his career at Ethiopian in 1985 and served in different capacities in the cargo traffic handling department and progressed up the ladder to Manager Cargo Traffic Handling. TheInternational Trade Administration,U.S. Department of Commerce, manages this global trade site to provide access to ITA information on promoting trade and investment, strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. Which mode of transportation is the most common in Ethiopia? Strategic outcome 5: Government, humanitarian and development partners in Ethiopia have access to and benefit from effective and cost-efficient logistics services, including air transport, common . With transportation management systems, this can easily be managed. The new electric railway reduces transport time from Djibouti to Modjo (a dry port city 70 kilometers from Addis Ababa) from 84 hours to just 10 hours. This site contains PDF documents. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The World Bank Implementation Status & Results Report Ethiopia: Transport Systems Improvement Project (TRANSIP) (P151819) 6/26/2019 Page 2 of 8 the most important FTA activity - Design and supervision of the installation of IT infrastructure and systems to automate driving licensing and vehicle This railway expansion project was carried out by two Chinese companies, state-owned China Railway Group and the China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation. A Case of Abuja, Nigeria. Basins in the western part of the country account for approximately 70% of its water resources. Just like in most other African countries, political figures in Ethiopia today are very corrupt with little to no experience at all. U.S. companies can approach the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), the successor agency of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, and the U.S. EXIM Bank to develop attractive funding proposals for these upcoming projects. The others are put to work collecting water each morning and helping . 3 A. K. Barinov Abstract The development of transport infrastructure is a priority objective for many African countries. 13 Unfortunately, hiring and retaining drivers continues to be challenging for many trucking companies. [10], In addition, the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) has undertaken a three-year project to upgrade over 370km of roads in the country. This is a problem, and digital requirements on a government level are also putting pressure on transport companies that are stuck in the dark ages. Due to this consistent raised in demand, Multimodal Transport System in Ethiopia was quickly become saturated (Yemane, 2013). The progress in operation of transportation techniques and management principles improves the movement of the load, delivery speed, service quality and operation costs. The new rail system began commercial operations in 2018. Who was the commander of the forces that attacked Pearl Harbor? The recent endorsement of the World Bank to provide 980 million dollar to the city road administration in the form of loan expected to make a difference in the transport sector. As part of the service sector, it contributes its own share to the GDP. This is a best prospect industry sector for Ethiopia. Due to lack of a rail way and other effective mass transport system, the city mobility needs are mostly covered by road based few number of buses and . humans. February 15th, 2022; fort worth toll roads . Traffic and Transportation Problems in Ethiopia: Manifestations and the Way out f 1 Transport is a catalytic force both as an agent vital for economic growth and as an agent for economic decline where economic resources and conditions as well as human endeavor are insufficient. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. This is exacerbating the problems of road transport, particularly congestion. No 3: north west from Addis Ababa across the Blue Nile at Dejen and again at Bahir Dar east around Lake Tana 737km to Gondar. Ethiopia has one of the lowest road densities in the world. In order to offer the most value to consumers, transport companies will need to have a better grip on how new tech impacts the transportation industry and implement TMS platforms now. Washington, DC 20230. To avoid loss of demand, many companies must now face a few major challenges and tackle them head-on in order to thrive in 2022. As we continue through a digitally evolving economy, businesses are using technology and evolving digital tools more than ever before. Ethiopia's road network has improved substantially in the past decade, Almost every major road is tar sealed. Here are a few things to keep in mind if you are driving: Always carry spare tires, fuel, and tools to repair any damage on long trips, as there is no roadside assistance. Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95153-9_4, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, http://wardsauto.com/ar/world_vehicle_population_110815, http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/country_profiles/en/, http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2011/0823/car-population_n_934291.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_energy_resources, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwle3csyDac, https://doi.org/10.5923/j.scit.20130301.04, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. total: But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The poor government policies, corruption, political instability, etc., unfortunately drive investors away. Just as well, without a decent protocol in place, many workers may not follow specific processes to prevent such attacks from happening. Traditional Transportation. Sustainable Urban Transport in the Developing World: Beyond Megacities, TRANSPORTATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TRANSFORMATION IN NIGERIA (A COLLECTION OF ESSAYS), Transport and the environment: a critical review for Africa, Innovative emergency management strategies, Allocating aircraft carbon dioxide emissions to airports on the basis of passenger share: scenarios for Manchester Airport Paul Upham, Sarah Butlin, Maxwell Davis, Ulrika Nilsson & Tim Smith, D4.5 Summary Report on Data Processing and Utilisation Processes, Sustainable infrastructure: Doing more with less by applying eco-efficiency principles, MOBILITY 2050: A Vision for Transportation Infrastructure, Road Accidents and Safety From Addis Ababa to Hawassa, 2016 Book Published Road Accidents and Safety From Addis Ababa to Hawassa.pdf, Urban Public Transport Patterns in Kenya: A Case Study of Nairobi City Survey Report, NATIONAL REPORT ON HOUSING & SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT Ministry of Urban Development, Housing and Construction National Report on Housing & Sustainable Urban Development, The Effects of Bad Roads on Transportation System in the Gushegu District of Northern Region of Ghana, Next Generation Integrated Mobility: Post-Congress Report, AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY OF VULNERABLE ROAD USERS IN MALAWI CASE STUDY: BLANTYRE CITY ROADS, SHELTER THEME URBAN MOBILITY Theme Paper Policy Review Case Studies, THE STRATEGIC TRANSPORT PLAN FOR DHAKA URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. The remaining 35% of mobility is covered by informal transport, light railway, public bus services and private cars. No 1: north east from Addis Ababa 853km via Adama and Awash to Bure on Eritrean border ERC completed a 656 kilometer railway network construction project that links the capital city Addis Ababa to the port of Djibouti. 1. New Digital Requirements IT can be a pain point for many transportation companies. ADDIS ABABA (HAN) August 11.2016. U.S. companies can also provide engineering design, consultancy and construction supervision services in the road, railways and logistics sector to the administrating agencies or the contracted companies. Public Diplomacy & Regional Security News.By Abebe Wolde Giorgis. II. Thematic study prepared for Global Report on Human Settlements 2013 (49 pp). This situation will change in the coming years as the current administration has shown a promising commitment to liberalize the sector for private sector engagement in different modalities. [4], Another railway, the Awash Hara Gebeya Railway will go into trial service over its first 270km in 2018. This enables. Build new long distance public bus stations to increase from the current 690 in 2020, to 732 by 2030 nationwide. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Traffic and Transportation Problems in Ethiopia: Manifestations and the Way out. Commercial agriculture using the river basins, such as the Awash Basin, is a recent phenomenon. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In phase II, the network would be extended to Axum, Shire, Bahir Dar and Assosa and, in addition to the links to Kenya and South Sudan mentioned above, to Metema and Kurmuk on the border to North Sudan. 1401 Constitution Ave NW This means that they have bigger expectations, especially when it comes to communication and transparency. No 5: west from Addis Ababa 510km via Jimma to Metu However, Uber could not infiltrate into the Ethiopian market as new transport systems such as meter taxis, the SMS-based RIDE and the Uber- style ZayRide were rolled out in Addis. 14 Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 244. Not only can a TMS present a number of tools that can replace old, outdated analog processes, but a TMS is also designed to be user-friendly across all departments-- for drivers, administration, management, and everyone in between. 3445Cite as, Part of the Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering book series (LNICST,volume 244). Time Scale calculus is used to analyze the integrated logistics model of HMMS under environment constraints. The Government of Ethiopia is currently implementing a $2 billion National Logistics Development (NLD) strategy to alleviate trade logistic hurdles. U.S. firms can invest in the development of 44 project that the government of Ethiopia opened for private engagement. The Baro River is the only river used for transport. This concern is reflected in all the activities of the product life cycle, both in those of direct logistics as well as reverse logistics. Click here to review the details. The city's current transportation system is marked by a poor access network, lack of adequate public transport services, continuous increases in transport fees, lack of smooth traffic flow and infrastructure for pedestrians, and a high rate of traffic accidents. In: Mekuria, F., Nigussie, E., Dargie, W., Edward, M., Tegegne, T. (eds) Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa. Despite its prominent role, the construction industry in Ethiopia, like in other developing countries, faces many challenges in its practice. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. "Chapter 8: Transport and Communications" in Richard Pankhurst, This page was last edited on 18 February 2023, at 13:51. This can be a challenge, as many transportation companies grow disparately and stakeholders may have difficulty understanding the business as a whole. Ethiopian joined Star Alliance, the worlds largest Airline network, in December 2011.

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