are polish and ukrainian mutually intelligible
Personally, I must admit that Serbs from areas above Nis (cf. Price, Glanville (1971), French Language: Present and Past, Jameson Books, Pope, Mildred K. From Latin to French, with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman. In addition, the Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian and Russian such as (Slobozhan Ukrainian and Slobozhan Russian) spoken in Kantemirov (Voronezhskaya Oblast, Russia), and Kuban Russian or Balachka spoken in the Kuban area right over the eastern border of Ukraine are very close to each other. I cant say that I would understand every word, but it is usually not difficult to guess some missing gaps from the context, so I could read professional books in Bulgarian in the past. Also I have a long article coming up as a chapter in a peer reviewed book being published out of Turkey. Page 183 section 481. Czech completely and utterly incomprehensible. So I understand Kajkavians and Slovenes except for a germanic package. Ukrainian and Russian are today closer than they were a hundred years ago due to Soviet Russification, and somewhat mutually intelligiblespeakers in Ukraine often switch back and forth from one . Serbian is a macrolanguage made up to two languages: Shtokavian Serbian and Torlak or Gorlak Serbian. Thats why in the Czechoslovak army the rule was: speak your own language, understand both. My parents (and naturally me when I was child) make a lot of mistakes in the word cases and it means that they are (for the speakers from more west Serbian and also Croatian region) the lower social group, that they are not educated enough or that they are unread, and why dont Macedonians in their native language too, especially in ex Yugoslavia. Hence, Russians understand the colloquial Ukrainian spoken in the countryside pretty well, but they understand the modern standard heard on TV much less. This is heartening, although Kajkavian as an existing spoken lect also needs to be recognized as a living language instead of a dialect of Croatian, whatever that word means. It is rather controversial outside Linguistics, as you run into nationalists and other fools who emotionally distort things. However, the Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop dialect in northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria and the Maleevo-Pirin dialect in eastern Macedonia and western Bulgaria are transitional between Bulgarian and Macedonian. a person with Virgin ears from any where in the Czech republic and west and central Slovakia will understand each other fairly well. In the present study we tested the level of mutual intelligibility between three West Slavic (Czech, Slovak and Polish) and three South Slavic languages (Croatian, Slovene and Bulgarian). It all adds up, man. And if you're perhaps a polyglot or linguaphile looking for a new challenge, then maybe learning a bit of Mandarin, Urdu, or even Persian might just be up your alley! So you believe the 9/11 narrative? Finally, understanding mutual intelligibility gives you helpful insight into the history of a language. I just didnt realize that when you talked about learning the other language you were actually referring to the errors inherent in doing a non-virgin ears MI study, and not conflating language learning with mutual intelligibility. In this case, another criteria I would also consider is how hard or easy it is for a Serb to start understanding Macedonian. Routledge. Much of my vocabulary simply isnt present in their lects, even when I try and align myself to speak more in line with the norm. And Shtokavian is dialect of Serbian language. The problem is that native speakers can understand other speakers of their own language. Between sources, you might find some claiming that two languages are mutually intelligible, while other sources claim those same languages arent. However, in terms of vocabulary Ukrainian is closer to Polish, from which it has borrowed a large number of words. Sorry I can`t give you percentage. A Slovenian person that has never lived in the east of the country understands only about 60 70 % of the dialect (Prekmurski dialect). Subtitles are absurd when 99% of the audience can already understand whats going on. Kajkavian has 82% intelligibility of Chakavian. But in the case of written Russian, you could elevate this number up to 70-80% quite easily. Ukrainian has 62% lexical similarity with Russian but 70% with Polish, which isn't high enough for mutual intelligibility with both Russian and Polish, but Poles can certainly understand Ukrainian much better than Russian, and Russians can understand Ukrainian much better than Poles. http://www.izviestija.info/izviestija/, I was born in Canada to a Serbian family and speak Serbian so I am a good control as I was never formally educated in Serbian and its grammar. Macedonian has 65% oral and written intelligibility of Bulgarian. 15), Part II", "Intelligibility of standard German and Low German to speakers of Dutch", "Cross-Border Intelligibility on the Intelligibility of Low German among Speakers of Danish and Dutch", "Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by humans and computers", "Morpho-syntax of mutual intelligibility in the Turkic languages of Central Asia - Surrey Morphology Group", "Kirundi language, alphabet and pronunciation", "Tokelauan Language Information & Resources", "Majlis Bahasa Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia (MABBIM)", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? Saris Slovak has 85% intelligibility of Polish. I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. The main Turkologist I worked with on that chapter told me that he thought 90% was a good metric. How do they arrive at these estimates? Ja u raditi, for me, sounds more Croatian and Bosnian or at least archaic, and Serbians from Bosnia and Croatia also speaks in that way. It is not a failure. However, you do say later in the text that General. There is much nonsense said about the mutual intelligibility of the various languages in the Slavic family. Mutual Intelligibility among the Slavic Languages by Robert Lindsay The mutual intelligibility (MI) of the languages of the Slavic family is an interesting topic because many are mutually intelligible to one degree or another. His wife had never been to Poland and her language was completely foreign to me. They are essentially the same language and even somebody with virgin ears can understand anybody almost perfectly, as long as he has half a brain. Often the two languages are genetically related, and they are likely to be similar to each other in grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, or other features. JohnUK. but what if person is from island and speaks heavy akavian and tokavian speaker is real tokavian like from Slavonia (North Eastern Croatia). As a result, I, who spoke fluent Ukrainian when I moved from Ukraine 18 years ago, have problems following modern speech on TV. This difference is because Bulgarian is not spoken the same way it is written like Serbo-Croatian is. Why not look em up on his site. December 2014. But the language isnt problem. Also cyrillic in Macedonian is almost as same as Serbian, but many Croats dont know or dont want to know cyrillic, and that makes Macedonian more different to them than to Serbs. Congratulations on a brilliant article! The truth is that a person can often understand other dialects, except his native one. That information is in error. Macedonian is a little easier, since its more a transitional dialect between Bulgarian and Serbian. Torlak Serbian is spoken in the south and southwest of Serbia and is transitional to Macedonian. Bosnian and Montenegrin are also just dialects of Serbian language. Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . As a Polish native speaker I used to be sure that Czech and Polish are mutually intelligible until I met Czech couple. It is time to stop believing to the politically motivated propaganda about our languages and start telling the truth. Rather than 95%, or 85%. Shtokavian is simply the same Serbo-Croatian language that is also spoken in Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia. It has been massively updated with a lot of new research from controlled scientific intelligibility studies. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. 70%? Slovak 50 % spoken, 70 % written Ponaszymu also has many Germanisms which have been falling out of use lately, replaced by their Czech equivalents. Many Silesian speakers now speak a watered down version of Silesian which is more properly seen as a Polish dialect with some Silesian words. The Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family is known for its languages being relatively closely related. Most Macedonians already are able to speak Serbo-Croatian well. Slovenians have a very hard time understanding Poles and Czechs and vice versa. This is a political point, of course. Not true about Czech / Slovak inteligibility. This comment is fantastic! In addition, political and social conventions often override considerations of mutual intelligibility in both scientific and non-scientific views. You must namely take into consideration that the mutual understanding depends on many things if you are LISTENING or READING, WHAT are people talking about, HOW FAST they are speaking, and even WHO is speaking. For instance, akavian Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. I simply didnt know what for example word iskati (to seek) means when I first watched that movie, I was 14, I understand it from the context like I can understand Macedonian. However, my girlfriend never ever says these words and rather uses on and ona just like in Serbian. Mi priamo Hrvatski jezik in neotokavian. It is more like the other slavic languages (v instead of u, z instead of s, itd, less vowels, and no distinction between and ). Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in . [2] As a consequence, spoken mutual intelligibility is not reciprocal. With Lonely Planet's Ukrainian Phrasebook, let no barriers . A question: how is it decided that the cut-off between a language and dialect is 90% MI? He estimated that Belarusian and Ukrainian were at least 80% mutually intelligible, accents and dialect aside, and that Russian was far . Paul McGrane. Most pairs have no figure for written intelligibility. Croatian (Stokavski): 98% These figures were tallied up for each pair of languages to be tabulated and were then all averaged together. Those 12% in Polish are very dubious as well. Lesser Polish, which can be heard in the south and southeast. The Mutually Intelligible Languages of 8 Popular World Languages 1. Some simple words as Zboruva talk were not understood by a Bulgarian and I was obliged to use the word govori so that I adapted my Macedonian to get understood, although we seldom say govori. Nice to meet you, Robert; Ill make sure to read more of your articles now! I think that this article is full of dubious numbers, but this is not necessarily the authors fault. If the central varieties die out and only the varieties at both ends survive, they may then be reclassified as two languages, even though no actual language change has occurred during the time of the loss of the central varieties. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia, http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings, http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm, http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/usama-bin-laden/view, http://ifaq.wap.org/society/voweldeployment.html, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Aog4AJdQM, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1n9KMawa-8, https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9, https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA, Alt Left: Ukrainian Nazis Execute Two of Their Own Men for Refusing to Fight, The Conquest of Germany and Japan Never Ended, Protected: Post to Discuss All of the Various POIs and Theories in the Delphi Murders from the Crime to the Present, Protected to Avoid Libel and Character Assassination Part 10, NATO Helped the Ukrainians Fire All Those Drones at Russia, Including all the Way to Moscow, The Conquest and Destruction of Russia Project Goes Way Back to Post World War 2, The Jewish Conspiracy To Subject Humankind. I think the OP exagerated a bit. The Answer, and Examples for 8 World Languages. Many people know cases well but simply dont want to speak them correctly in conversation with someone who doesnt speak them correctly because that makes them feel like they want to judge other people who doesnt use cases correctly or that makes them more educated, even more smart, than someone who doesnt use it, and that makes both sides uncomfortable. It seems polish and bulgarian are the easiest for me to understand (save for bosnian, serbian, and crnogorski). And yes, comprehension has suffered since Czechoslovakia broke up, due to lack of exposure. do is the same verb (prim/pri/pri/primo/prite/pre vs. pravam/pravi/pravi/pravime/pravite/pravaat; as opposed to Serbian raditi) Silesian or Upper Silesian is also a separate language spoken in Poland, often thought to be halfway between Polish and Czech. Maybe its a lack of vocabulary, but I havent heard that word from someone personally yet. According to a paper on Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family (link in comments): Native Belarusian speakers can understand 80% of spoken Ukrainian and 80% of written . Scientific intelligibility studies of Czech and Slovak have shown ~82% quite high but still low enough for them to be closely related separate languages and not dialects of one language. Czechs hardly ever study at Slovak universities. Rusyn ~ Ukrainian . Is Russian and Polish Mutually Intelligible? Most Croatian linguists recognized Kajkavian as a separate language. It is quite true that Macedonian speakers (even today) are switching to Serbian (although there is a resistence among some speakers of Macdonian) on informal situations. By the way, osnovnata (osnovna-ta) is related to the Czech word osnova (basis, outline). Civis Illustris. Polish: 5% If the Torlaks can understand those languages it is because they have been hearing them! Kids speak both languages, as well as English, fluently. Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. Its spelling, however, is quite different from any of them. It may seem that Polish and Russian are mutually intelligible because they both come from the same language family and share a lot of similarities. I grew up as a Ukrainian speaker in North America. According to Ethnologue, there are more than 7,000 languages in the world, with some being more difficult to learn than others. It shows that Macedonians indeed grew up to certain extent as bilingual Macedonian-Serbian. Polish is spoken outside of Poland by Polish diaspora groups in countries like Ukraine, Belarus, Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom. In recent years, many of the German words are falling out of use and being replaced by Polish words, especially by young people. In the evening of the first day it reaches 93%, in a week 95%, all unsupervised, almost effortlessly, just by being there, watching, listening, talking and asking for an explanation here and there. Polish has 22% intelligibility of Silesian, 12% of Czech, 6% of Russian, and 5% of Bulgarian. Bulgarian is a pluricentric language it has several literary norms. There are also some TV shows that show Czech and Slovak contestants untranslated (like in Sweden where Norwegian comics perform untranslated), and most people seem to understand these shows. Kajkavian is probably closer to Slovenian than it is to Chakavian. This list focuses on common languages widely thought to be at least partially and mutually intelligible. You are a smart guy. What is the most mutually intelligible Slavic language? In essence, such kinds of bilingualism also improve understanding of other, unrelated Slavic languages, since two Slavic languages fill in the comprehension gaps. 2 Ukrainian Phrasebook And Dictionary Paperback 1-03-2023 Mutually Intelligible? Interesting article but I think there are some minor and some major mistakes and misunderstandigs. Intelligibility data for Saris Slovak and Ukrainian is not known. Post 1991, g has returned. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ac933fc62d348b183dfc4516edf000ec" );document.getElementById("b83dbe3da2").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. Despite a lot of commonality between the dialects, the differences between them are significant. I am a native Czech speaker, I understand Slovak (a lot of exposure, many visits, many colleagues) and Russian (studied at school, many visits) in all three languages I am close 100% understanding of news, yet for Polish, Ukrainian and Croat I would rate my understanding at 15-20%, with no significant improvement just from being in the country (I have spent in total about 20 weeks in Croatia, 4 in Ukraine, 3 in Poland). BR, Conclusion: Russian has a decent intelligibility with Bulgarian, possibly on the order of 50%, but Bulgarian intelligibility of Russian seems lower. The diffete. However, Dutch speakers usually understand more German than the reverse because they study German in school. My mother is a native Croatian speaker and she told me that serbian and croatian have very good intelligibility but however the grammar is very different.Comparing those two languages would be like comparing czech and slovakian. It is just a dialect in east Slovakia that westernd Slovaks (and Czechs) find harder to understand but it is not like they would not understand a word. Hutsul, Lemko, Boiko speech (small Ukrainian/Rusyn dialects) stangely enough, more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. According to former Pakistani President Musharraf Omar Sheikh who wired $100,000 to Mohammed Atta was recruited during the 90s by British intelligence. We hate SPAM and promise to keep your email address safe. I am a good control for this because I am an American but my father is Slovak(my mother is half Slovak but American) and I can understand about 50 % of Slovak and I do have a hard time with Czech but once I get past their hacek r I can understand quite a bit.
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